AUTHOR
Se Eun Park, Duy Thanh Pham, Christine Boinett, Vanessa K. Wong, Gi Deok Pak, Ursula Panzner, Ligia Maria Cruz Espinoza, Vera von Kalckreuth, Justin Im, Heidi Schütt-Gerowitt, John A. Crump, Robert F. Breiman, Yaw Adu-Sarkodie, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Raphaël Rakotozandrindrainy, Abdramane Bassiahi Soura, Abraham Aseffa, Nagla Gasmelseed, Karen H. Keddy, Jürgen May, Amy Gassama Sow, Peter Aaby, Holly M. Biggs, Julian T. Hertz, Joel M. Montgomery, Leonard Cosmas, Beatrice Olack, Barry Fields, Nimako Sarpong, Tsiriniaina Jean Luco Razafindrabe, Tiana Mirana Raminosoa, Leon Parfait Kabore, Emmanuel Sampo, Mekonnen Teferi, Biruk Yeshitela, Muna Ahmed El Tayeb, Arvinda Sooka, Christian G. Meyer, Ralf Krumkamp, Denise Myriam Dekker, Anna Jaeger, Sven Poppert, Adama Tall, Aissatou Niang, Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen, Sandra Valborg Løfberg, Hye Jin Seo, Hyon Jin Jeon, Jessica Fung Deerin, Jinkyung Park, Frank Konings, Mohammad Ali, John D. Clemens, Peter Hughes, Juliet Nsimire Sendagala, Tobias Vudriko, Robert Downing, Usman N. Ikumapayi, Grant A. Mackenzie, Stephen Obaro, Silvia Argimon, David M. Aanensen, Andrew Page, Jacqueline A. Keane, Sebastian Duchene, Zoe Dyson, Kathryn E. Holt, Gordon Dougan, Florian Marks, and Stephen Baker
ABSTRACT
There is paucity of data regarding the geographical distribution, incidence, and phylogenetics of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi in sub-Saharan Africa. Here we present a phylogenetic reconstruction of whole genome sequenced 249 contemporaneous S. Typhi isolated between 2008-2015 in 11 sub-Saharan African countries, in context of the 2,057 global S. Typhi genomic framework. Despite the broad genetic diversity, the majority of organisms (225/249; 90%) belong to only three genotypes, 4.3.1 (H58) (99/249; 40%), 3.1.1 (97/249; 39%), and 2.3.2 (29/249; 12%). Genotypes 4.3.1 and 3.1.1 are confined within East and West Africa, respectively. MDR phenotype is found in over 50% of organisms restricted within these dominant genotypes. High incidences of MDR S. Typhi are calculated in locations with a high burden of typhoid, specifically in children aged <15 years. Antimicrobial stewardship, MDR surveillance, and the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines will be critical for the control of MDR typhoid in Africa.
Click here to view the article, published in Nature Communications.
